Our universe is expanding, many people must have heard this, but in the 1990s, experts were about to make such a discovery, after which a revolution would take place in the field of astronomy. Before this discovery, experts knew that the universe came into being after a rapid expansion of matter and energy from the Big Bang, and it was believed that today, after more than 13 billion years have passed, it The prevalence should appear to be decreasing, but the results suggest otherwise. An international team of astronomers including American astrophysicist Dr. Adam Rees, Australian astrophysicist Dr. Brian Schmidt and Dr. Saul Perlmutter participated in this discovery in 1998.
The scientists were examining light from a type of supernova, called Supernova Type One A. When a giant star reaches the end of its life, it explodes in a violent explosion and scatters the material inside it into space, after which new stars are born from the same material and this explosion is called astronomical term. It is called a supernova.
There are 2 types of supernovae, type 1A and type 2. In type 2 supernovae, a star eight times the size of our Sun explodes and later becomes a neutron star or black hole, while in type 1A, the star explodes. Pairs exist, in which a dwarf star is the star while its companion can be any other star.
When the second star reaches its final age, the dwarf star begins to pull matter from its surface and when the amount of matter in this dwarf star becomes 1.4 times that of our Sun, this dwarf star explodes in a violent explosion. explodes.
It should be noted that the famous scientist Edwin Hubble first discovered in 1929 that the universe is expanding and after that many religious and scientific theories were proved wrong, considering this cosmic expansion, the experts in this global team There are three types of views about it which are as follows.
1- Decreasing expansion of the universe: If the expansion of the universe is decreasing with time, then the light of this supernova obtained with the help of mathematics will be excessive.
2- Expansion of the universe at a certain speed: If the universe is expanding at a certain speed, the light of the supernova will be equal to the calculated light.
3- Acceleration of expansion of the universe If the expansion of the universe is accelerating, the light of the supernova will be less than the calculated light.
The international team first mathematically determined how much light the supernova should have received based on its current distance from Earth, as well as the amount of light it received when viewed through large telescopes. was less than the amount. The experts were very surprised to see this and thought that maybe there was some kind of malfunction in the telescope, due to which the data was coming out wrong, but when the telescope was turned towards another supernova of the same type, it was found that the data in the telescope was wrong. The present heralds not a bad but a startling discovery.
Yes! At that time, these experts did not know that they had made a discovery that would shake up the field of astronomy. is accelerating with time, but now it was worth noting that in general, if there is an explosion, we see that the speed of the decaying matter decreases with time, and if the Big Bang theory, which According to the majority of scientists, the expansion of the universe from the starting point of the big bang is called the explosion, so today after more than 13 billion years, the expansion of the universe should also decrease. It should be while it has not been seen. So the question arises, what is the thing that is speeding up the expansion of the universe?
To understand this, these experts came up with another term, which is called “dark energy” in astronomy. It should be noted that in astronomy, if the word “dark” is used with anything, it means Science may not know much about this stuff and it has never been observed, but its effects can be seen everywhere in the universe. The effects of dark energy can be seen in the accelerating expansion of the universe. Almost 13 years after this discovery, in 2011, these three scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize for this discovery.
After reading all this, one question comes to mind that if dark energy exists and cosmic expansion is going on, then why didn’t the sun move away from the earth in billions of years? Or why stars still exist in galaxies? We also hear that our Milky Way galaxy and the neighboring galaxy Andromeda are approaching, so how true is that? The simple answer is that Andromeda approaching our galaxy is as real as it is. From dark energy to cosmic expansion, there has been a “tug of war” between gravity and cosmic expansion in the universe since eternity.
For example, the effect of gravity on the distance of the planets from the sun in the solar system is much greater than the effect of dark energy, due to which we do not see the cosmic expansion here, while if we carefully examine the distant galaxies, this is the case. It turns out that these galaxies are so far away from us that the effect of dark energy is stronger than gravity at such a distance, due to which these galaxies appear to be moving away from us.
In the end, I will just say that scientists have just started to reveal the hidden secrets of the universe and the upcoming talented scientists have a golden opportunity to reveal the hidden secrets of the universe to the world and contribute to the conquest of space. But at the same time, the question arises whether scientists will ever be able to uncover the hidden secrets of the universe.
